Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Of Mice and Men Essay The Great Depression occurred in the United States during the 1930s. Northern California, Salinas Valley was influenced by the Great Depression. Numerous ranchers lost their properties and had to discover other work. Banks had to dispossess mortgages’ and needed to gather obligations. Countless ranchers got together their families and barely any possessions, and set out toward California. The Great Depression left numerous individuals in neediness and made them face undesirable occasions. This is the means by which life resembled for the characters in Steinbeck’s tale Of Mice and Men. For the most part all the characters in this novel experienced dejection. A portion of the men wanted to meet up in a manner that would permit them to resemble siblings to each other. Given the brutal, desolate conditions under which the men live, it is nothing unexpected that they romanticize fellowship between other men in such a manner. In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck utilizes portrayal of exchange and activities to show that everybody is forlorn here and there regardless of whether they are encircled by others. John Steinbeck utilizes portrayal to show that dejection makes individuals uncover their sentiments through exchange. When Curley’s spouse strolls into the ranch, she sees Lennie and starts to converse with him. He attempts to maintain a strategic distance from her and she says â€Å"‘I never get the opportunity to converse with no one. I get dreadful lonely’† (86). Curley’s spouse has nobody to converse with, and even Lennie attempts to evade her. Her words uncover that she is forlorn and despite the fact that there are such huge numbers of individuals around her, no one needs to converse with her. These words are huge in light of the fact that it shows how forlorn she truly is and how everybody attempts to avoid her since they realize she causes dramatization and that she is hitched to Curley. George and Lennie additionally experience forlornness that they appear through exchange. As George and Lennie stroll to the farm together, George says, ‘â€Å"Guys like us, that take a shot at farms, are the forlornness folks on the planet. They got no family and they don’t have a place with no place†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (121). Likewise, George and Lennie have no genuine home. They work the season, and afterward proceed onward. They have no family, no family members, and no ties but to one another. George’s words uncover that the way of life of vagrant laborers, for example, themselves gives the path to a desolate life. This exchange is huge in light of the fact that it shows how George and Lennie are forlorn and that despite the fact that they travel and meet new individuals they despite everything have a dejection. Despite the fact that George was encircled by numerous individuals of the men, he sat discreetly without anyone else at on the table in solitude. â€Å"George cut the cards and started turning them over, taking a gander at every one and tossing it down in a pile† (27). George is involving his time by sitting alone at the table and sorting out cards. George’s activities show that he is desolate and has nothing better to do at that point compose a deck of cards. His activities are huge in light of the fact that it uncovers how George is desolate and how he invests his energy without anyone else sorting out cards. Additionally, when Crooks encounters depression he involves himself with books. Despite the fact that Crooks is encircled by such huge numbers of men, he regularly feels desolate, however he attempts to persuade himself that he isn't forlorn. ‘â€Å" S’pose you needed to sit over here an’ read books. ’ Sure you could play horseshoes till it got dull, yet then you got the opportunity to understand books. ’ Books ani’t nothing but bad. ’ A person needs someone to be close him†¦ he goes crazy in the event that he ain’t got nobody†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (72). Law breakers is forlorn and he wishes that he could have somebody to converse with, yet he attempts to be occupied by playing horseshoes and understanding books. His activities show that he is amazingly forlorn, and that he involves himself with easily overlooked details to shield himself from anguish. Crook’s activities are noteworthy in light of the fact that forlornness cause individuals to invest their energy without anyone else. In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck utilizes portrayal of exchange and activities to uncover that one can be encircled by a gathering and still be forlorn. The utilization of discourse demonstrates that the characters are desolate despite the fact that they are working intently together. Additionally, through the portrayal of activities the creator uncovers that the vast majority of the men are desolate and that the men involve themselves despite the fact that they are with a gathering of individuals. John Steinbeck’s subject applies to the whole would in light of the fact that it demonstrates that depression influences everybody at once or another. It changes the manner in which an individual thinks and acts. At the point when individuals feel forlorn their activities and lifestyle are influenced. It's not possible for anyone to flee from forlornness regardless of whether they live with a gathering of individuals. It’s a quality that nobody can dispose of.

A Town Like Alice: Discussion :: essays research papers

A Town Like Alice: Discussion †Even however societies contrast, individuals are essentially the same.† This is an explanation that relies a great deal upon what you mean with essentially. I think individuals are basically a similar all around the globe however and they unquestionably could wind up being nearly the equivalent on the off chance that they was brought up in the very same manner also, had precisely the same prospects throughout everyday life. On the off chance that the essential qualities are those you have when you're new-borned, at that point I believe clearly they are nearly the equivalent, a few things are obviously hereditary however I accept that the principle part relies upon your method of living. It's the way of life that issues as well as the religion and the sort of nation you live in. These two normally influences culture a great deal and the way of life influences them so there are no sharp cutoff between them. A model from the book is the Australians, whose culture is fairly near the English, however there are not many Englishmen who might have enjoyed the dejection in the enormous nation Australia, and significantly less Australians, (I think), would feel agreeable in the jam-packed England. Another model in the book that is progressively about religion and culture is the Japanese warrior who strolled with the young ladies in Malaya when they got the taken poultry from Joe. The warrior is manhandled by his skipper and he discovers it so mortifying that he looses his will to live. At the point when he's tainted by the fever he doesn't battle it and he kicks the bucket. This is a mindset that is or perhaps was very basic in Japan. An individual from the west could never feel so awful about loosing his face as a man from Japan. The contrasts between societies can be something that perhaps a portion of the people might want to change in the event that they got the potential outcomes yet it has never happened to them to do so on the grounds that they are utilized to the manner in which it is. In the book this is found among the Malayan ladies that needs to chip away at the fields, care for the children what's more, rest on the floor. I don't believe that they would need to be subdued by the men , however they are as well accustomed to it change it. What I'm attempting to state with this paper is that you can't tell if individuals are the A Town Like Alice: Discussion :: articles explore papers A Town Like Alice: Discussion †Even however societies contrast, individuals are essentially the same.† This is an explanation that relies a great deal upon what you mean with fundamentally. I think individuals are practically a similar all around the globe however and they certainly could wind up being nearly the equivalent on the off chance that they was brought up in the very same manner also, had precisely the same prospects throughout everyday life. On the off chance that the essential attributes are those you have when you're new-borned, at that point I believe clearly they are nearly the equivalent, a few things are obviously hereditary however I accept that the primary part relies upon your method of living. It's the way of life that issues as well as the religion and the kind of nation you live in. These two normally influences culture a great deal and the way of life influences them so there are no sharp cutoff between them. A model from the book is the Australians, whose culture is fairly near the English, however there are not many Englishmen who might have loved the dejection in the enormous nation Australia, and significantly less Australians, (I think), would feel agreeable in the jam-packed England. Another model in the book that is increasingly about religion and culture is the Japanese trooper who strolled with the young ladies in Malaya when they got the taken poultry from Joe. The trooper is mishandled by his chief and he discovers it so embarrassing that he looses his will to live. At the point when he's contaminated by the fever he doesn't battle it and he passes on. This is a mindset that is or possibly was very normal in Japan. An individual from the west could never feel so awful about loosing his face as a man from Japan. The contrasts between societies can be something that possibly a portion of the people might want to change in the event that they got the conceivable outcomes however it has never happened to them to do so in light of the fact that they are utilized to the manner in which it is. In the book this is found among the Malayan ladies that needs to chip away at the fields, take care of the children what's more, rest on the floor. I don't feel that they would need to be curbed by the men , however they are as well accustomed to it change it. What I'm attempting to state with this exposition is that you can't tell if individuals are the

Seeple Snapshot Katherine McGehee COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Seeple Snapshot Katherine McGehee COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Katherine McGehee, MIA 2015     Concentration: EPD     Specialization: Management         Hometown: New York, NY                     College/ University attended: University of Virginia Undergraduate Major: International Affairs/French               Traveled to: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Monaco, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Turks and Caicos, St. Barts, Virgin Islands, Mexico, South Africa Hobbies: The Arts (ballet, theater, museums, exhibitions, art shows), avid follower of current events, academic interest in francophone countries, travel, cooking, languages Languages: French (fluent), English (fluent), Mandarin (basic), Italian (learning) After SIPA, I hope to remain in New York City working for a foundation and specializing in public-private partnerships. I would also be happy working in the private sector with a focus on public sector engagement. Either way, I am very interested in public-private partnerships, particularly in regards to corporate social responsibility. Since SIPA is such a global school, I am very open to moving abroad after graduation. However, I do hope to start out a company in New York.     Though I am American, I have always grown up in a very diverse and global environment. From age six and on, I attended the United Nations International School where I was among 17% of Americans in a 1,200 person school. SIPAs commitment to enrolling an international student body really drew me to the school and that quality is one reason why I am so happy at SIPA. Most of my friends at SIPA are from abroad and I love hearing about their backgrounds and their goals after school. It has really given me a whole new perspective. After the University of Virginia, I worked for a year at Doctors With Out Borders in New York. I was part of the advocacy department team. My responsibilities mainly involved following political contexts in regions and specific countries (Doctors Without Borders has programs in over 80 countries) for organization-wide reports on current activities, tracking US policy changes in countries of interest, monitoring broader trends on aid, food security, global healthcare, and patent laws, translating media and documents from French to English, and responding to program inquiries. At SIPA, I am concentrating in Economic and Political Development and specializing in management. Both disciplines provide a lot of opportunity to learn more about corporate social responsibility and effective development programs, which relates to what I would like to do after finishing school. Currently, I am part of several SIPA student groups, including UNSP, the Journal of International Affairs, and the consulting club. I participated in a public policy case competition in the fall, which was a wonderful opportunity to network with leaders in consulting and to develop real-world solutions to social, political, and economic challenges. Outside of SIPA, I am serving as a youth representative to the United Nations through a small NGO called the World Council of Peoples for the United Nations (WCPUN). For me, what makes SIPA is its students. My classmates are so inspirational, have such diverse backgrounds, and a very driven and enthusiastic attitude. I have felt discouraged by setbacks, like difficulty understanding course material, not getting into a class or program, or not hearing back from an internship. My classmates at SIPA have been my greatest supporters. They have offered suggestions for internships, help in classes, and just general encouragement. Sometimes SIPA can be overwhelming because it is so rigorous academically and has so many things to be involved in. Fellow students support your interest and help keep you focused on your goals.         I chose SIPA because I wanted a place that could open doors in New York and internationally. Its name is respected on a global scale but it is still a much respected school here in the city. Since I plan to stay in New York after graduation, I wanted a place that would position me well for the short term (NYC) and long term (ab road). I also wanted a school with a practitioner focus. SIPAs capstone component really separates it from the pack of policy schools. I am so excited to participate in a capstone project next year and gain tangible skills that are really marketable when applying to jobs. Seeple snapshot Katherine McGehee COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Katherine McGehee Master of International Affairs Concentration: Economic and Political Development Specialization: Management Katherine McGehee is a native New Yorker, Katherine attended the United Nations International School through high school, which most definitely sparked her interest in international affairs. She graduated from the University of Virginia in 2012 with a dual degree in Foreign Affairs and French and a minor in history. During college, she studied abroad at Sciences Po Paris where she pursued courses on development in Africa. Before joining SIPA, she worked for the New York City Mayor’s Office for International Affairs on urban-level research and at Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières on advocacy work. Since studying at SIPA, she has interned for a UN-related agency, served as an editorial assistant at the school’s Journal of International Affairs, and interned in public sector consulting. What attracted you most to SIPA? What attracted me most to SIPA are two things: New York City and the Capstone component. SIPA is unique in the fact that it has a strong network internationally, domestically, and especially in New York. I wanted a school where I would have a strong network of alumni, professors, and contacts in New York City as my immediate career goal is to remain in New York following graduation. I do want the opportunity to have a strong resume anywhere else in the world too and SIPA carries a strong reputation globally. The Capstone is another unique element of SIPA’s curriculum as it gives SIPA students the opportunity to translate theory into practice through fieldwork experience. I am really excited about the opportunity to work as a consultant for a top organization over the course of my second year. Have you taken classes at other Columbia Schools? At SIPA, I am continuing to develop my interest in international affairs with a particular focus on private sector development of public services. Most notably, I am concentrating on the broad issues of food security, public health, and infrastructure. The beauty of SIPA is that it is possible to explore a range of issues in the classroom, through internships, and through consulting projects organized by the school. This is also made possible through the opportunity to take courses at other Columbia schools. Last semester, I took a class called, “International Development and the Private Sector,” which gave me a different perspective on ways to create successful development projects. Can you comment on the quantitative rigor in the curriculum? One of my biggest concerns coming into SIPA was the quantitative requirement in the curriculum. I had never studied economics, statistics, or financial management before and I was really anxious about stacking up next to other SIPA classmates. While SIPA’s core quantitative courses are certainly rigorous, the school ensures that its students receive the support they need to learn and succeed in these classes. Tutors, review sessions, recitations, and team activities are available to work through problem sets. Multiple course levels are available to ensure that students can choose to what extent they would like to be challenged. What advice would you give a first-year student? Before answering this question, I consulted with my SIPA peers (most notably Adero Miwo, MIA 2015) to get their perspectives. The dominant advice: be open, be focused, and be disciplined. SIPA can be overwhelming because of the seemingly infinite number of course options, student activities, and volunteer opportunities. By having an objective of what you want when you start at SIPA, you can get the most from the curriculum and from the school community. Remaining open to new possibilities and staying disciplined, especially when it comes to time management, can ensure that you succeed at SIPA.

The Schools Process For Financial Expenditures Not Being...

Introduction Edwin M Wells Middle School, in Houston, Texas, is part of the Spring ISD. The school, in 2015, reports enrolling 1,165 students in grades six through eight, and it has 69 teachers on staff. The problem is the school s process for financial expenditures not being well aligned with students needs. By streamlining the process for financial expenditures, it will ensure the expenditures fulfill students needs efficiently and appropriately. The impact the problem is having is that when the lessons are not fully supplemented with the required supplies there is a lack of engagement in the classroom. Therefore, the system must be streamlined in order to fulfill student needs. Methodology and Results Improvement Cycle #1:†¦show more content†¦In the observations of the classrooms, we had a chance to observe a lesson that had the correct supplies. In this classroom setting, a large number of the students appeared to be engaged and were able to answer questions easily. The students interacted better in the class when the supplies were present because they were able to have visual and hands on references to engage the students. We also observed a classroom that did not have the supplies needed and found that a large percentage of the students were not engaged, and a few had their heads down on their desks. In this class, when the teacher asked questions only three students participated and the rest did not. During both classroom visits we made sure to pick similar teachers that were teaching the same subject with similar lesson plans. We began to see the effect of not having supplies versus having a well-supplied classroom. We then realized that the school s process for fin ancial expenditures is not well aligned with students needs and was affecting the end product, which provides the engagement and educational needs of the students. If we could repeat this process, we would have tested more classrooms to see if these observations continued. We would test to see if supplies received on time helped keep students engaged, and increased successful learning by aiding in student

Human Trafficking Sex - 1879 Words

When one thinks of slavery in America, Often times we assume slavery in America ended in 1865 when The Civil War ended and The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery throughout the United States (â€Å" History of slavery in America†, 2013). Truth be told, modern day slavery still very much exists in America; we now call it â€Å"Human trafficking†. Human trafficking is considered one of the fastest growing criminal industries today, while there is not an exact number of how many people are being trafficked in the United States, the Polaris project for a world without slaves writes, The U.S. government and academic researchers are currently working on an up-to-date estimate of the total number of trafficked persons in the United States annually.†¦show more content†¦Domestic sex trafficking victims are also prone to come from dysfunctional families that leave them with the longing to feel as though they belong to any family. By the end of the article, both authors reiterate the need for more action to be made by congress to stop domestic sex trafficking and to add to the already existing laws under, â€Å" The Trafficking Vitims Protection act of 2000, à 8 U.S.C.  § 1591, titled Sex Trafficking of Children or by Force, Fraud, or Coercion(Parker Skrmetti, 2013, p.1030). In the media article, â€Å"Staggering report exposes US sex trafficking†, author Lee Trymaine starts the article with an example case of sex trafficking. In the example case, a man was arrested during a drug sting preformed by the Florida police. The police uncovered not only had the man been smuggling drugs but also was involved in selling women. The man, Kery Rodriguez referred to the woman as â€Å" fresh meat†. As the police questioned Rodriguez, he was quite open with the police and stated, â€Å"If you want them young, normally those we have to take by force, The key is to keep them drugged, locked up, and at gunpoint† ( Trymaine, 2013). As the police continued their investigation, they uncovered that Rodriguez had been part of a human trafficking ring, 16 others were also arrested in connection with the Rodriguez case. Author Lee Trymaine explains, â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedSex Trafficking And Human Trafficking Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking brings in billions of dollars into the U.S and all around the world. â€Å"The prime motive for such outrageous abuse is simple: money. In this $12 billion global business just one woman trafficked into the industrialized world can net her captors an average $67,000 a year† (Baird 2007). The laws around human trafficking are not strict and vary depending on what country it is happening in. Human trafficking is not something that is strictly foreign, itRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Sex Trafficking1264 Words   |  6 PagesA challenge that I took interest in is the horrifying problem that women and young girls face as victims of human trafficking and sex slavery. Women and young girls make up 98% of victims of trafficking for exploitation. Human trafficking and sex slavery is a form of modern slavery, in which traffickers profit from the control and exploitation of others. It is a multi-billion industry. Traffickers use control of others for the purpose of en gaging in sexual activities and or forcing others to provideRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Human Sex Trafficking1850 Words   |  8 Pagesof human sex trafficking come to one s mind. The United States of America is not immune to this type of horrific behavior. America is the land of the free and yet something as awful as human sex trafficking occurs in our very own backyard each and everyday. According to the Department of Homeland Security the definition of human trafficking is â€Å"modern day slavery that involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act† (â€Å"What Is Human Trafficking?†)Read MoreHuman Sex Trafficking1919 Words   |  8 PagesBut you can sell them each day, every day, over and over again. The markup is immeasurable. This quote from the 2005 Lifetime film Human Trafficking, however chilling and horrifying, is true. Human trafficking is the commercial trade of human beings who are subjected to involun tary acts such as begging, sexual exploitation, or involuntary servitude. Human trafficking is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of modern-day slavery. No longer is this a term from the past, but a horrific realityRead MoreSex and Human Trafficking1970 Words   |  8 PagesSex Trafficking Throughout the 21st century, the number of human beings being capture and put into sex trafficking and prostitution has risen. In 2013, about 270,000 young boys, girls, and women were forced into human trafficking in the United States alone and estimated 20.9 million in the world. The UN has also estimated that nearly 4,000,000 are trafficked each year. UNICEF has estimated that as many as 50% of all trafficking victims worldwide are minors and that as many as two thirds of thoseRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Trade Of Human Sex Trafficking Essay958 Words   |  4 Pages10 countries in the region introduced new anti-trafficking laws or modified old ones. The United Nations has also picked up the fight against ending all forms of modern slavery including human sex trafficking. The U.N implemented the a protocol that focuses on â€Å"(1) prevention and combat of trafficking persons, paying particular attention to women and children; (2) to protect and assist the victims of such tr afficking, with full respect for their human rights; and (3) to promote cooperation among StatesRead MoreChild Sex Trafficking And Human Trafficking1096 Words   |  5 PagesChild Sex Trafficking Have you ever walked into Wal-Mart and taken the time to look at the numerous pictures of missing youth that is plastered on the wall? When looking at how long they have been missing, it ranges anywhere from months to years. Looking at their age, both boys and girls, it’s hard not to wonder if they have been kidnapped and are being trafficked. Child sex trafficking also known as human trafficking is a major issue that is not only plaguing the United States, but alsoRead MoreHuman Sex Trafficking Of Houston1043 Words   |  5 PagesHUMAN SEX TRAFFICKING Topic: Human sex trafficking in Houston Organization: Problem/Problem/solution Specific purpose: I would like my audience to understand that we live in Texas and are not very far from Houston and that Houston is one of the most intense human sex trafficking regions in the country. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: â€Å"Houston is a great city known internationally for energy, medical center, great food and Human sex trafficking. Picture this, there was this girl who fell involveRead MoreSex Trafficking Is The Trade Of Humans Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesSex Trafficking     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sex trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for surrogacy and ova removal.Sex trafficking is a very dangerous thing to be going on in this world.   Human trafficking can occur within a country or trans-nationally. The Metro-AtlantaRead MoreProstitution And Human Sex Trafficking1291 Words   |  6 Pagesright to rule over their own body. Prostitution, the exchanging of sexual services for payment, has been specifically outlawed by the State of New York. This direct targeting of the sex trade within New York leaves many people unprotected under the law, both in consensual prostitution and nonconsensual human sex trafficking, while greatly eliminating the potential tax revenue that would be generated. Prostitution , when involving consenting adults, is a victimless crime and when criminalized, it forces

Process Design Free Essays

Riordan is a leading future 1000 manufacturing company that is an industrial leader in the field of plastic injection molding (Riordan, 2004). Riordan Manufacturing China plant acts as a decentralized unit of Riordan Manufacturing (Riordan, 2004). I have created a proposal package that will address the new process design that focuses on all phases of manufacturing the electric fans from determining the number of parts and components to the materials needed in production. We will write a custom essay sample on Process Design or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will include a new process design for manufacturing Riordan electric fans. The proposal will incorporate an analysis of the current production process. This analysis of the process design will provide information to remove bottlenecks. The production forecast will encompass the implementation plan of lean production, which will include a Gantt chart. Finally, a cover letter that details the coordination of aggregate operations planning and TQM processes. Material Requirement Planning (MRP) The Riordan Manufacturing China plant has applied the material requirement planning, which encompasses controls systems from the order entry through scheduling and inventory control. The MRP system is used to schedule materials, parts, and components for raw material that should be ordered or produced. The MRP provides the China plant with information about what is needed to complete a specific number of units during a specific period. The present process of the Riordan Manufacturing electric fans is located primarily at the China plant. Riordan Manufacturing purchases the polymer plastics from local distributors. The China plant uses the material requirement planning to determine the quality and timing of the assembly units. The raw materials are first received at the receiving department. These materials are drawn upon for production in the molding process to produce fan blades and housing. These finished goods are stored in a finished good stockroom. Individual buyers and contracted third parties pull inventory from the finished good stockroom. Trimming from the molding department are used to make other products. Inventory, which has been sold, and ready to be shipped are transferred to the package department. Finally, the shipping department packages the electric fans for distribution. Riordan Manufacturing needs to consider the supply and demand during the electric fan production process. Currently, Riordan is only experiences a 93% customer satisfaction in delivery of the electric fans in a timely manner. New Process Design The current bases for Riordan Manufacturing China plant operation is the quality and quantity of electric fans produced. The inventory based on forecasted production is stored in the finished good stockroom. The forecasted inventory has not been an accurate measure of the stock that Riordan should have on hand to meet the customers demand more than 93% of the time. The new process recommends that Riordan seek out additional manufacturers of electric motors in addition to its current supplier to increase the likelihood of possessing adequate inventory in stock. This new process will increase the efficiency of their scheduling and delivery. The stock on hand will be slightly increased but a reduction in polymer plastics would help offset the cost of increased inventory. The China plant can reduce the polymer plastic because the buyer can obtain it from a local buyer. Supply Chain According to Chase (2005), â€Å"Supply chain is applied to the total system approach to managing the entire flow of information, materials, and services from raw suppliers through warehouses to end users† (Chase et al. , 2005, p. 406). Riordan China plant should reconfigure their supply chain process to be more competitive and marketable. By reconfiguring how they are linked to their suppliers could provide Riordan with the competitive advantages, which have been shown to be the characteristic of successful companies. Like many other companies, Riordan can achieve significant competitive advantage by the way they configure and manage their supply chain operation (Chase et al, 2005). Riordan should consider outsourcing as a one means of improving the supply chain. Outsourcing is an approach to push the responsibility and decision making to other companies, which are a part of several components of the supply chain. Company’s find that outsourcing can provide some relief to a company whom is experiencing a shortage of resources. Outsourcing could allow the company to focus on the core process of the business while providing the flexibility needed during varying demands. Supply chains management concentrate on inventory processes to complete the orders that are requested (Chase, 2005). The movement toward a just-in-time inventory system (JIT) could provide Riordan with continuous improvement in efficiencies to its fan production process. Riordan will take the stance of eliminating all cost that does not add value to the product. The China plant will be able to have their parts arrive at each workstation at the optimal time to complete the process in a more efficient manner. Riordan will establish areas in their production that are linked, which will provide a beneficial balance of flow of material throughout the production process. Production Forecast The production forecast for the China plant accounts for both the electric motors and plastic polymers, which are essential components of the electric fans. The inventory for the electric fan is projected by taking the average sales over the last three years, which is used to project the fourth year. Riordan Manufacturing assumes history will repeat itself within manageable units (Riordan, 2006). Riordan Manufacturing has not forecasted their scheduling, production, and delivery effectively. Riordan should consider the implementation of lean production to establish an optimal price while reducing cost and waste. Implementing a lean production process is ideal for the China plant because the concept states that nothing produced until needed. Developing closer relationships with the suppliers could result in a reduction in the delivery time. The implementation of lean production is considered a good strategy to respond to the market needs. Implementation Plan Riordan will need to begin by developing a production plan that specifies what the customers’ demands are. The forecast of future demands will need to be established. The implementation of the just in time lean production system will be the bases for the forecast. Production planning includes decisions that will affect production and inventory. Riordan current labor force could be affected with implementation of the new process design. Riordan plan implementation will begin with the formation of the project teams. The team will be establishing the tasks and duties. The teams will choose which tactic, tools, and software that could be utilized such just-in-time inventory and MRP software packages. The final task will be troubleshooting and quality control. Riordan will need to identify any problem or bottlenecks in the process that need to be addressed or redesigned to establish the more optimal outcomes. The new process will allow Riordan to achieve its goal of at least 99% customer satisfaction from the current 93% customer satisfaction. How to cite Process Design, Essays

Why did the Weimar Republic fail Essay Example

Why did the Weimar Republic fail Paper It is often difficult to analyse the Weimar Republic and decide whether it was doomed from the start due to constitutional defects, or if prevailing circumstances initiated its collapse. This has been a source of argument for many historians, as they all have different ideas as to why the Republic did not survive. Edgar Feuchtwanger fiercely argues that economic problems were the main reason for the Republic not succeeding, because people could no longer be supportive of the constitution in times of hardship and desperation. As massive unemployment and spiralling inflation spread through battered Germany, another solution was sought, and people found salvation in Hitler. However, Dick Geary argues, The Weimar Republic was not overthrown by Nazism, it had already failed. The main reasons why the Republic failed were problems with the constitution and the way the political system worked; lack of support for Weimar; problems the Republic faced between 1920 1928 and the Wall Street Crash in 1929, which caused severe world depression. However, it needs to be decided if Weimar was inevitably going to fail due to the way the constitution worked, or if its never ending uphill struggle from 1919 caused its disintegration. By 1918, it was certain that Germany would be defeated after four years of intensive battle with Britain and France. Due to the possibility of allied invasion and internal problems, the Kaiser, who had been Germanys dictator, set up a constitutional monarchy, which was to be the most democratic system in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Weimar Republic fail specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Weimar Republic fail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did the Weimar Republic fail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was thought that a new democratic system would stop the allies treating Germany harshly, and pave the way for a fairer peace settlement. The Weimar constitution was a very modern one, perhaps even more so than its contemporary counterparts in Britain and France. It is also very similar to modern day systems, not least to the current system of Democracy in Germany. Therefore, it might be argued that the Weimar Republic did not fail due to constitutional problems, as Germany is certainly not failing now. The constitution was well thought out and there were many good points. It was a democracy and the general public were allowed to vote for who they wanted in the Reichstag. Proportional representation was used, which meant there was a mixture of people with different ideas representing the whole of Germany. The President could not make decisions without consulting and gaining approval from the Chancellor first, which was the constitutions way of controlling Presidential powers. However, as Professor Geary argues, Article 48 gave a substitute for the emperor because the President could restore law and order in times of emergencies without consulting the Reichstag. Although proportional representation appeared to be very democratic, it provided weak coalitions who did not agree on everything. Therefore when Germany needed to act quickly in times of crisis, decisions could not be made effectively, for each party had their own ideas on how the country should be run. Proportional representation also allowed extremist parties such as the KPD and NSDAP to gain seats in the Reichstag, which later led to the overthrowing of the Weimar Republic by the Nazis. The initial setting up of the constitution later allowed Hitler to come to power, which destroyed the Republic and, in a way the Weimar Republic was doomed from the very beginning due to the way in which it ran. Nonetheless, it is hard to say that Hitler would have had the chance to abuse the system if other problems in Germany had not existed. From the Republics preliminary introduction, it was faced with problems occurring from the aftermath of the First World War, which was to scar Germany for years to come. Germanys buildings and large cities had been ruined and German morale was very low. The Army, who believed Germany was still strong and had a chance of winning the War, were horrified to learn that their beloved country had surrendered and signed a humiliating Treaty, which blamed Germany for the war. The November Criminalsi who signed the Treaty of Versailles went on to run the country, and the Stab in the Back Myth i left the public with a sense of betrayal and a bitter resentment towards the Republic itself. Before the War, Germany had been a great and powerful country with colonies, lots of land, a strong Army and a challenging Navy. Now, the Treaty had reduced Germany to a wreck, with massive reparations to pay, less land, no colonies, and German people stripped of their pride. There was little hope for a new constitution run by people who had caused all this misery and resentment. As well as ordinary people hating Weimar, political parties from both the left and the right were against the constitution. The spartakists (an extreme left wing party) looked to the Soviet Union, liked the Russian political system and wanted a communist Germany. In January 1919, they started an uprising, but were crushed by the Freikorps, who also didnt support the Republic. However, the Freikorps were anti-socialist, and would have supported the Republic before they supported the Bolsheviks. The Right were next to revolt, and in 1920 the Kapp Putch revolt occurred. Monarchists seized government buildings in Berlin, but surrendered on March 17th. The Weimar government had had another close escape. The early major activities of Hitler included his Beer Hall Putch in 1923, where he tried to seize control of The Bavarian government. Hitlers revolt was crushed like the others, but clear opposition to the republic had been established. The Weimar Republic lacked support from people commencing the day it was set up, and so seemed doomed from the start. The situation in which it was built, and the circumstances surrounding the new constitution did not present the opportunity for it to subsist and flourish, despite other problems Germany may have faced later on. However, the Republic did manage to crush most of these uprisings and didnt fall to pieces. This shows some strength in the constitutional monarchy, so it possibly did stand a chance of survival. The political instability was intensified by the financial implications of the Treaty of Versailles. By 1921, the level of reparations had been fixed to 132,000,000 gold marks. It was clearly evident that the weakened Germany would not be able to pay. Not only did Germany have to pay the reparations, they also had massive war debts and needed to rebuild their damaged country. Nonetheless, a reparations program of payment was imposed on the Germans. When they were not able to pay, the French occupied the Ruhr in January 1923, which led to the total collapse of the Germany currency. The Republic had mainly survived the 1920s because of economic stability. However, by November 1923 Germanys economy was caught in a spiral of hyperinflation, and money was becoming more and more worthless by the day. The middle classes had their savings devalued considerably and pension funds were wiped out. They decided to blame the Weimar Republic because the people who had set it up had agreed to pay the reparations. Before this economic crisis, there were many people who did not really agree or disagree with the principles of the Republic. However, the time had come where people had no one to blame but the government, the majority of the country were angry, and it could be considered that with universal criticism, and perhaps some hatred, the new Republic was predestined to fail. Profiteering, crime and prostitution also increased markedly at that time. Such behavioural trends contributed significantly to the lack of faith in the Republican system. The evidence given so far suggests that the Republic did not stand a chance, despite everything that happened later. The general population had no faith, and without such support, a constitution going through times of much hardship stood no chance at all. However, it would not be fair to dismiss the Republic as a total failure, as from the years 1924 to 1929, there was relative stability in Germany. In 1923 Stresemann was appointed as Chancellor. His foreign policy was shaped by the domestic and international situation, and his main aims were the liberation of Germany and its restoration as a great power. He accepted that Germany had been militarily defeated and not simply stabbed in the back. He realised that France had legitimate security interests and played on Germanys vital importance to World Trade. He realised the sympathy of the USA was important to attract American capital, and as Chancellor, he called off passive resistance and agreed to carry on paying the reparations. This led to the Dawes Plan in 1924, which aided economic recovery and the French promised to evacuate the Ruhr in 1925. The years 1924 to 1929 have traditionally been regarded as the high point of the Weimar Republic a glorious short-lived interlude between the early years of the crisis and its eventual decline and collapse during the depression. An American Journalist in 1924 commented on the wonderful feeling of living in Germany and that things seemed to be much more free and modern. Kolb also described the years as ones of relative stabilisation. It is often agreed that the introduction of the Rentenmark, which stabilised the German currency and the Dawes Plan is a massive contrast to the inflationary chaos of 1922-1923. Had Germany picked herself up? Maybe the Weimar Republic had started to become stable and had a chance of survival. It certainly seemed like Germany had made a remarkable recovery. Heavy Industry, regardless of the loss of resources from the Treaty of Versailles, was able to recover reasonably quickly. By 1928, production levels were generally better than they had been before the War! This was due to more efficient production techniques, particularly in the coal and steel industry. Foreign investors were also attracted to Germany because they knew she was being supervised financially by the allies and had relatively high interest rates. The years 1924-29 held a great amount of hope for Germany. They had an effective Chancellor who was helping Germany to recover. There were many social benefits, and for the first time since the end of the War, people seemed to be living normally again. National border anxieties were settled in 1925, when the Locarno treaties were signed in London. A greater feeling of security began to embrace Germany for the first time in over ten years. By 1926, Germany had joined The League of Nations, and had a voice at an international level, and by 1929 even the withdrawal of the allies from the Rhineland seemed a possibility. Germany was beginning to get back on its feet after a hard war, and relations with the allies and the people were improving. The extremist Nazis had only 12 seats in 1928, and had little or no voice in national government. The socialists were in control with 153 seats and had a steady recovery in progress with no radical changes planned. The government its self had progressed from an imperial autocracy into a democratic Republic. If everything was going so well for Germany, then why did it fail? The Weimar Republic, although a little ambiguous in the first instance, seemed to be doing well. It had its faults, but these seemed to have been overcome in the years 1924-29. Therefore the Republic was perhaps not a lost cause from the start. It had a shaky beginning, but it wasnt definitely going to fail as Germany did eventually recover under the Weimar Republic. If the Wall Street Stock Market had not crashed in October 1929, the Weimar Republic may have survived for many more years than it did, and may even have existed today. In October 1929, all German optimism was dashed by world depression and the Wall Street Stock Market crash. The crisis was felt throughout the world but hit Germany most harshly. Loans and investments dried up and the USA demanded repayment of these loans. This caused unemployment to reach 2 million, a decline in the prices of food, a collapse in trade and a subside in demand. Bri ning became Chancellor in 1929, and his response to the economic crises was to increase taxes and make substantial cuts in government expenditure. His Budget had been rejected by the Reichstag, but because of the way the constitution had been set up, he was able to put the unpopular proposals into effect, by means of the emergency decree in Article 48. Arthur Rosenberg described the formation of Bri ningi s government as the beginning of the end of German democracyi. All classes of people suffered psychologically and lost pride in their country. In such a situation, it is not surprising that people lost faith in the Weimar Republic and saw salvation in the solutions offered by political extremism. People began to turn to Hitler, who preached employment and greatness; this is reflected by the Nazis gaining 107 seats in the 1930 election. The depression created the very situation that Hitler had been waiting for. The Nazis stirred up opposition to the government and Republic, by linking the government to Versailles, and linking Versailles to all of Germanys problems. Hitler had a very wide appeal because he was offering solutions to all of Germanys problems. He promised employment and a powerful Germany. People had been through a lot and thought Hitler seemed like he had a lot to offer. However, it is unlikely that he caused the Republic to fail, as the historian Bessell argues Hitler was a consequence of the failure of the Republic not a cause. He may have been there at the time when things were going wrong, but he alone could not have caused the Republics collapse without the other factors. There are many factors which contributed to the malfunction of the Weimar Republic. It could be argued that if certain things, such as worldwide depression had not occurred, the Republic would have survived, considering the relative stability beforehand. From the very beginning, the Republic faced opposition from both sides of the political spectrum. The public blamed their problems on the Treaty of Versailles, and in turn, blamed the government that signed it. The new government had inherited a difficult situation and it was inevitable that it would face technical hitches from the start. Nevertheless, to say the Republic was doomed from the beginning is hasty. The Republic was beginning to overcome its difficulties during the mid 1920s as economic, political, and cultural improvements were occurring. If it hadnt been for events like the Wall Street Crash, the Republic may have prospered for many years. In agreement with Professor Geary, The depression and crisis led to the rise in the Nazi vote, which led to the collapse of the Republic. The Republic had many faults within its constitutional set-up, which caused problems along the way, and lacked support, but these things had been overcome to a certain extent so the Republic had an opportunity. If it had not been for the additional prevailing circumstances, the Republic may have survived.

Current Third Parties essays

Current Third Parties essays All throughout the American history of politics there have been two major parties, the Republicans and the Democrats. While most people can find a candidate from these groups who have the beliefs and ideals they look for in a candidate, there are always some people who want someone else to represent them in the presidential race. When enough interest is found, a third party is formed. These third parties have been a big part of American political history. Originally called the Association of State Green Parties, the Green Party was formed after the 1996 elections to fill a space in national Green politics. The American Green Party's platform is based on the following ten major ideals including ecological wisdom, community-based economics, grassroots democracy, decentralization, gender equality, personal and social responsibility, respect for diversity, nonviolence, global responsibility, and future focus. Greens are renewing democracy without the support of business donors. Initially, the partys goal was to help existing state parties grow and to promote the development of parties in all 50 states. The primary goal is still helping state parties, but also, they try to devote attention to establishing a national conservational presence in politics and policy debate while continuing to facilitate party growth and action at the state and local level. American Taxpayer Party presidential representative Howard Phillips was seen on the ballot in twenty-one states in 1992. Mr. Phillips again ran in 1996, this time appearing on ballots in thirty-nine states. At its national convention in 1999, the party officially changed its name to the Constitution Party and again chose Howard Phillips as its presidential candidate for 2000. The Constitution Party favors a government based a strict interpretation of the Constitution and the principals expressed in it by the Founding Fathers. They support a government limited in capaci...

Current Third Parties essays

Current Third Parties essays All throughout the American history of politics there have been two major parties, the Republicans and the Democrats. While most people can find a candidate from these groups who have the beliefs and ideals they look for in a candidate, there are always some people who want someone else to represent them in the presidential race. When enough interest is found, a third party is formed. These third parties have been a big part of American political history. Originally called the Association of State Green Parties, the Green Party was formed after the 1996 elections to fill a space in national Green politics. The American Green Party's platform is based on the following ten major ideals including ecological wisdom, community-based economics, grassroots democracy, decentralization, gender equality, personal and social responsibility, respect for diversity, nonviolence, global responsibility, and future focus. Greens are renewing democracy without the support of business donors. Initially, the partys goal was to help existing state parties grow and to promote the development of parties in all 50 states. The primary goal is still helping state parties, but also, they try to devote attention to establishing a national conservational presence in politics and policy debate while continuing to facilitate party growth and action at the state and local level. American Taxpayer Party presidential representative Howard Phillips was seen on the ballot in twenty-one states in 1992. Mr. Phillips again ran in 1996, this time appearing on ballots in thirty-nine states. At its national convention in 1999, the party officially changed its name to the Constitution Party and again chose Howard Phillips as its presidential candidate for 2000. The Constitution Party favors a government based a strict interpretation of the Constitution and the principals expressed in it by the Founding Fathers. They support a government limited in capaci...

Current Third Parties essays

Current Third Parties essays All throughout the American history of politics there have been two major parties, the Republicans and the Democrats. While most people can find a candidate from these groups who have the beliefs and ideals they look for in a candidate, there are always some people who want someone else to represent them in the presidential race. When enough interest is found, a third party is formed. These third parties have been a big part of American political history. Originally called the Association of State Green Parties, the Green Party was formed after the 1996 elections to fill a space in national Green politics. The American Green Party's platform is based on the following ten major ideals including ecological wisdom, community-based economics, grassroots democracy, decentralization, gender equality, personal and social responsibility, respect for diversity, nonviolence, global responsibility, and future focus. Greens are renewing democracy without the support of business donors. Initially, the partys goal was to help existing state parties grow and to promote the development of parties in all 50 states. The primary goal is still helping state parties, but also, they try to devote attention to establishing a national conservational presence in politics and policy debate while continuing to facilitate party growth and action at the state and local level. American Taxpayer Party presidential representative Howard Phillips was seen on the ballot in twenty-one states in 1992. Mr. Phillips again ran in 1996, this time appearing on ballots in thirty-nine states. At its national convention in 1999, the party officially changed its name to the Constitution Party and again chose Howard Phillips as its presidential candidate for 2000. The Constitution Party favors a government based a strict interpretation of the Constitution and the principals expressed in it by the Founding Fathers. They support a government limited in capaci...

Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails

Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails By Ali Hale When I wrote a post on email etiquette, one reader, Juan, left a comment to ask for some advice (I’ve changed his punctuation a bit for clarity’s sake): I just discovered your page and I love it. Please teach me before we sign off the mail with â€Å"warm regards† etc ,we also always using some phrasal sentences such as â€Å"please look into this matter† or â€Å"thank you in advance†, â€Å"I would be very appreciate on your help in this matter†, etc. Could you please write some more like those in different contents of mails? What Juan’s describing here are stock phrases. If you write a lot of emails, you’ll often find yourself facing the same sorts of situations again and again, and you’ll often see stock phrases used in business emails to convey a professional, helpful and friendly tone. I agree with Juan that it can definitely help to have some ready-crafted sentences on hand for including in your emails – either just keeping them in mind, or creating a document on your computer to hold them ready for copy-and-pasting. The trick is to make them heart-felt rather than copied-and-pasted. There are a few phrases which I see constantly in emails from huge technical support firms, government offices and similar organisations: used carelessly, they can feel distancing or insincere. I’ve listed some options below for different types of email situations, such as: When you’re initiating email contact with someone new When you’ve answered someone’s question When you’re asking the recipient to take some action When you need a response (but not necessarily any action taking) When you’ve heard nothing back and want to chase up a reply Unless your boss is particularly uptight, why not try going with the more informal ones? I work in a small technical support team who have a great reputation for being friendly, helpful and accessible – in part, because we use everyday language and remember that we’re writing to people, not just trying to knock another email out of the queue. Here’s some examples you might want to use, or modify, for your own email messages †¦ feel free to bookmark the page, or print it out for easy reference. When you’re initiating email contact with someone new Very formal â€Å"Might I take a moment of your time† (to begin the email) â€Å"Please may I introduce myself† (to begin the email) â€Å"Many thanks again for your time.† (to end the email) More informal/friendly â€Å"Im just emailing to ask† (to begin the email) â€Å"Im a friend of Bobs† (to begin the email) â€Å"Just let me know if you have any questions.† (to end the email) â€Å"Drop me an email, or give me a ring, if you want any more information.† (to end the email) When youve answered someones question(s) Very formal â€Å"I trust the above resolves your queries. Should you have any further questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.† More informal/friendly â€Å"I know thats a lot to take in, so let me know if anything Ive said doesnt make sense.† â€Å"Hope the above helps, but email again if youre still having any difficulties.† When you’re asking the recipient to take some action Very formal â€Å"I would appreciate your help in this matter.† More informal/friendly â€Å"Could you look into this?† â€Å"Would you mind checking it out for me?† â€Å"Thanks in advance.† â€Å"Can you get back to me once youve had a chance to investigate?† â€Å"Id love to hear your advice on this one.† When you need a response (but not necessarily any action taking) Very formal â€Å"I await a response at your earliest convenience.† More informal/friendly â€Å"Can you drop me a quick word so I know youve received this?† â€Å"Look forward to hearing from you.† When you’ve heard nothing back and want to chase up a reply Very formal â€Å"In reference to my email of June 20th †¦Ã¢â‚¬  More informal/friendly â€Å"Just wondered if you got my email (June 20th)?† â€Å"When you get a moment, could you drop me a line about my last email?† Do you have any favourite stock phrases that you use in your work emails? Add yours in the comments! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme"Confused With" and "Confused About"Comment, Suggestion, and Feedback

Public Health--Discuss the health problems and health service issues Essay

Public Health--Discuss the health problems and health service issues that are associated with homelessness - Essay Example discussion presented in this essay will draw on evidence from a large variety of credible sources to see what past and contemporary research has to say on the subject. The gravity of this matter of homelessness is evident from statistical data revealed in one of the latest newspaper reports in the country. According to this report, as many as 112070 people identified themselves as homeless in the UK in 2014. This figure represents a whopping 26% increase in homelessness over the last four years which demonstrates the hideous proportions of this very serious matter in the country. While the rate of homelessness has increased by 26% which is a spine-chilling reality in itself, the number of those people who sleep on the streets or pavements has tremendously increased by 75% (Henley 2014). This is saying something about an ever-increasing wealth gap between the rich and poor in the UK. This gap is at its worst in the present contemporary times as a result of which homelessness has also increased at a gigantic pace. There is a definite link between homelessness and health issues in particular mental health as it is suggested by many that both entities are inextricably linked to each other. Research claims that the use of institutions like psychiatric hospitals to treat the mentally disordered homeless people has fallen in the UK. However, particularly high fear levels have been noticed in those who â€Å"spent a large proportion of their lives in psychiatric hospitals† (Glover-Thomas 2002, p. 157). It is claimed that such patients when discharged to live freely in the community have only served to â€Å"add to the homelessness problem† (Glover-Thomas 2002, p. 157). The correlation between homelessness and adverse mental health is of such extent that about 1/3rd of all homeless people are diagnosed with different critically severe mental health issues like suicidal distress, chronic substance abuse, schizophrenia, and paranoia (Videbeck 2013, p. 6). Actually,

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care Assignment

Needs of people with disabilities in Health and Social Care - Assignment Example The principal test folks of youngsters with ASD face are the conclusion itself, which can bring disaster, nervousness, annoyance and an inclination that life has been uncalled for, as stated by Webmd. "You don't need to child yourself about how hard it is," said Robert A. Naseef, Ph.d., a clinical clinician in Philadelphia, the writer of the book "Uncommon Children, Challenged Parents," and the father of a become child with extreme Autism. As he educated Webmd, "The great thing concerning getting a conclusion is that then you get a heading in what will help your youngster. More often than not, when children get the right help and begin making advancement, their guardian's state of mind lights up and you have some trust once more." Â  An alternate obstacle for folks is the strain having a youngster with such far reaching needs puts on the family unit. Naseef noted to Webmd that pressure can enter relational unions on the grounds that managing a mental imbalance is so expending and he urges couples to attempt to set aside a few minutes for their marriage. One proposal he has is having an "in-home" night out, so that folks don't need to stress over getting a sitter, and appreciating a calm supper and film after the children have gone to bunk. An alternate trouble for families might be the way kin feel dominated by the needs of the youngster with extreme Autism, keeping in mind some have the capacity to structure a nearby relationship, others may lament the passing of a commonplace mate.

Role of Serotonin in Anxiety Disorders

Role of Serotonin in Anxiety Disorders Introduction Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine is amonoamine neurotransmitter. Biochemically derived fromtryptophan, is a chemical produced by the body that acts on the nervous system playing a crucial role in numerous pathological conditions and physiological processes. Its highest concentrations are in regions of the brain called the hypothalamus and the midbrain. Anxiety is an unpleasant state of inner turmoil manifesting itself through feelings of worry, dread, nervousness and unease leading to the individual suffering from anxiety becoming withdrawn. Mood, sleep, impulse control, eating, vigilance, libido, and cognitive functions, such as memory and learning are all regulated by serotonin neurotransmission. Serotonin is also essential in the regulation of anxiety and fear, as well as impulsiveness in violent acts and suicide (Akimova et al.,2009). There is great scientific interest on the role of serotonin in mood disorders such as anxiety and depression. Anxiety is not simply an excess, depletion or efficacy of serotonin because according to data obtained this understanding would leave to many contradictions in its wake. It is postulated that the serotonergic projections located at the brainstem modulate different coping responses to acute aversive events. Events detected by visual, auditory or olfactory stimuli, evoke preparatory autonomic and motor responses, which form the central motive state of fear or anticipatory anxiety. During the anticipation of threat, animals display the fight-flight responses mediated by neuronal projections from the DRN. (JFW Deakin., 1998) The brainstem, at the level of the superior and inferior colliculi is one of the fundamental neurological regions of significance in anxiety. A system of grey matter is contained within this area surrounding the cerebral aqueduct and also the IVth and IIIrd ventricles connected to the cerebral aqueduct. Extending ventrally in the middle or raphe of the brainstem and lying embedded within the ventral periaqueductal grey matter (PAG) are the two main groups of neurones containing serotonin. Extensive branching axons are sent from the raphe nuclei by the serotonergic cells, to innervate all parts of the forebrain. The dorsal raphe core (DRN) innervates dopaminergic structures, for example, the corpus striatum and frontal cortex, both included with motor exercises. The median raphe nucleus(MRN) then innervates regions of the brain involved in the processing of memories and sensory information, for instance the hippocampus and the medial temporal lobe. It is proposed that these serotonergic projections regulate diverse coping reactions to chronic and acute aversive events. Acute events may be subdivided into distal and proximal events, according to how urgent the danger is. A threat becomes chronic if the proximal and distal defence mechanisms fail to either avoid or terminate it. Behavioural adaptation is elicited by repeated and chronic stress according to evidence. There are brain mechanisms which allow normal behaviours to emerge in the face of chronic adversity, and it has been suggested that such resilience is mediated by projections of the MRN [4]. When this system fails to respond, depression and anxiety is the result. Out of total of 14 different serotonin receptors the one most frequently studied for its relationship with anxiety is the 5-HT1A receptor, and is suggested to have a vital role in the etiology of anxiety disorders, this suggestion is fortified by the fact that partial 5-HT1A receptor agonists are anxiolytics (Akimova et al.,2009). The treatment of anxiety has to take account of the complexity of the serotonergic system. There are widely differentiated anatomical pathways associated with a variety of receptor subtypes (Deakin., 1998). The anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) enables the treatment of both major depression and anxiety. (Sekiyama et al., 2013). The neurobiology of anxiety is substantially impacted by the serotonin system and particularly the 5-HT1A receptor evident from clinical and preclinical clinical research, including pharmacological trials, genetic studies and neuroimaging. However the serotonin system is also influenced by many other neurotransmitters and also affects these structures which are crucial for the expression and processing of anxiety (Coplan et al., 1998). Animal studies carried out by N.Santana et al, M.amargos-bosch et al, and MV.puig et al showed regulatory effects of the 5-HT1A receptor on GABAergic, glutamatergic ,and dopaminergic neurons, particularly within limbic and prefrontal cortex areas. There is a lack of human studies investigating the effects of 5-HT1A receptor activation on other neurotransmitter systems. Inherent problems of reproducing typical human stressful experiences in animal tests presents limitations in the use of mice as test subject’s in direct methodological and intersp ecies comparisons. To link results of 5-HT1A transgenic mice with clinical data compellingly it is crucial to carry out systematic multimodal studies in primates. A causal model of the influence of 5-HT1A in the etiology of anxiety disorders may be found in primates through the use of a combination of approaches with investigations of environmental risk factors such as stress and genetic polymorphisms in the serotonergic system. Anxiety disorders may be defined as biologically heterogeneous conditions influenced by environmental, genetic and epigenetic factors. Autonomic activation and intense unconditioned escape behaviour even in the absence of an imminent threat, in panic disorders can be caused by neuronal instability in the brains fight-flight mechanism. In anticipatory anxiety and in the pathogenesis of generalised anxiety disorders, it has been suggested by experimental evidence that excessive and inappropriate activation of DRN-5-HT2 pathways plays a crucial role. Anxiolytic drugs have been shown to decrease functioning in this system and experimental studies in volunteers show that 5-HT2 blockers and 5-HT2 agonists have the predicted effect on conditioned anxiety. Impaired 5-HT1A receptor function and depression appears to have a direct relationship. Through modification of memory mechanisms normal behaviour becomes possible in the face of chronic adversity due to contributions to resilience, by projections from the MRN to 5-HT1A receptors in the hippocampus and medial temporal lobe. When this defence fails the result is depression and/or anxiety. Thus it can be said that the disregulation of 5-HT1A receptors although evidently an important factor in anxiety disorders, cannot be said to be the primary factor in anxiety, however the role of the serotonin system in anxiety disorders can possibly be adaptive rather than pathogenic. Only by understanding the role of different serotonin projections and receptors in orchestration of psychological defences against various kinds of aversion can it be said that a coherent account of the role of serotonin in anxiety and depression is possible. authors year of publication title of journal article Asha S and Vidyavathi M. (2010) Role of human liver microsomes in in vitro metabolism of drugs – a review. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 160 (6): 1699-1722. volume issue page range journal title number number References 1  Deakin JFW. (1998) The role of serotonin in depression and anxiety. European psychiatry  13 (2): 57s-63s 2  E. Akimova, R. Lanzenberger, and S. Kasper. (2009) The Serotonin-1A Receptor in Anxiety Disorders Biological psychiatry 66 (1): 627– 635 3.  Deakin JFW, Pennell I, Upadhyaya AK, Lofthouse R. A neuroendocrine study of 5HT function in depression: evidence for biological mechanisms of endogenous and psychosocial causation. Psychophology 1990 ; 4 : 357-60 4.  Hetem LAB, de Souza CJ, Guimaraes FS, Zuardi AW, Graeff FG.  Effect of d-fenfluramine on human experimental anxiety. Psychopharmacology  1996 ; 127 : 276-82 5.  Zuardi AW, Cosme RA, Graeff FG, Guimaraes FS. Effects of ipsapirone and cannabidiol on human experimental anxiety. J Psychopharmacology 1993 ; 7 : 82-8 6.  Delgado PL, Charney DS, Price LH, Aghajanian GK, Landis H, Heninger GR. Serotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Arch Gen Psychiat D, 1990 ; 47 : 411-18 7.  Kennett GA, Dickinson S, Curzon G. Antidepressant-like action of some 5-HT dependent behavioural responses following repeated immobilization in rats. Brain Res 1985 ; 330 : 253-63 8.  Coplan JD, Lydiard RB (1998): Brain circuits in panic disorder. Biol Psychiatry  44:1264 –1276. 9.  Santana N, Bortolozzi A, Serrats J,MengodG, Artigas F (2004): Expression of  serotonin1A and serotonin2A receptors in pyramidal and GABAergic neurons  of the rat prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 14:1100–1109. 10.  Santana N, Bortolozzi A, Serrats J,MengodG, Artigas F (2004): Expression of  serotonin1A and serotonin2A receptors in pyramidal and GABAergic neurons  of the rat prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 14:1100–1109. 11.  Amargos-Bosch M, Bortolozzi A, Puig MV, Serrats J, Adell A, Celada P, et  al. (2004): Co-expression and in vivo interaction of serotonin1A and  serotonin2A receptors in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex. Cereb  Cortex 14:281–299. 12.  Ã‚  Puig MV, Artigas F, Celada P (2005): Modulation of the activity of pyramidal  neurons in rat prefrontal cortex by raphe stimulation in vivo:  Involvement of serotonin and GABA. Cereb Cortex 15:1–14.

English Lang and Composition Essay

The British naturalist and politician John Lubbock wrote, â€Å"Your character will be what you yourself choose to make it.† This brings up the idea of nurture and nature. Although this topic has been something discussed for many years, it is the influences beyond our control that shape our character. Even though many of people’s physical traits come from their parents, the mental and emotional characteristics come from outside influences that cannot be chosen, whether it is from personal experience or the way a person was raised. People are not born with all of their characteristics. A person gains their character as he/she is growing up and experiencing new situations. When a child in kindergarten takes a crayon from a fellow peer, the teacher scolds him/her and tells the child that is not right. The teacher’s tone of voice and the negative experience of getting in trouble is an indicator to the child that what he/she did was wrong and shouldn’t be done again. Education plays an important role in building a child’s character. When children receive education, they are taught morals that will benefit them in the future, and they receive a sense of discernment. The environment a person lives in can influence his/her characteristics. In William Golding’s novel Lord of the Flies, a plane filled with English schoolboys crashes on an unknown island. The boys, who were used to living in a wealthy society where their needs were always provided for, had to adopt a new, completely different lifestyle in order to survive. Because there was no one to take care over the young boys, they became like savages, unbound by rules. This eventually led to them killing wild animals and even each other. Golding’s novel connects to the difficulties of traveling to other countries. Because of the cultural diversities, it is difficult for a person to adjust to the lifestyle of another country, because he/she has been living influenced by another environment. The media and pop culture are two reasons why our society has altered drastically over the past 20 years. In modern society, being different is something that is shunned upon. If a person lives a lifestyle that is different than what is popular and accepted, he/she is considered â€Å"weird† and â€Å"unacceptable†. This is why there are numerous cliques in schools, and why bullying is such a serious issue. People are afraid of judgment, and try to change who they are in order to fit in with the people they are surrounded by. The media and pop culture is exceptional at manipulating people into believing anything. They lead people to believe through advertising that what is popular is what they should live by. Take, for example, celebrities. Their fame, wealth, and talent are appealing. People desire to be like them because of their success, and try to live like these celebrities in hopes of becoming as successful as these celebrities. Nature certainly has an effect on a person’s character. It is called nature because it serves as a person’s foundation. However, it is through experiences that people are truly made distinct.

Economics in Todays Society - 1075 Words

Economics is defined as the study of how the forces of supply and demand allocate scarce resources. Economics can be subdivided into microeconomics, which examines the behavior of firms, consumers and the role of government; and macro economics, which looks at inflation, unemployment, industrial production, and the role of government (Investor Word, 2008). Economics can be further divided to include positive economics and normative economics. Positive economics is the study of what is, and how the economy works and normative economics is the study of what the goals of the economy should be. Simply put positive economics looks at how things such as current gas prices directly affect individual buying power and how that buying power affect†¦show more content†¦A change in anything that affects supply besides price causes a shift on the supply curve. Factors that affect the supply curve are; price of inputs, technology, expectations, and taxes and subsidies. If a producer fin ds that the cost for producing specific items is getting higher than supply of that item will begin to decrease as it is not economically sound to continue to make a large amount of these items. Technology has a direct affect on supply, as it becomes easier and less expensive to produce an item more of that item is produced. As with the demand curve expectation also has an affect on the supply curve, if consumers expect the cost of a product to increase they will buy more of that items which causes a decrease of supply. An example of this would be when the price of gas is expected to raise people will fill their car up and also fill gas containers. Tax also has an effect on the supply curve as it does on the demand curve, as taxes increase on a specific items then the supply for that particular items increase as people stop purchasing the item. In an article titled â€Å"Research focuses on Dining Pattern, Demographics,† it was reported that dining out has declined. 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And the most dangerous problemRead MoreFunctions of the Family1380 Words   |  6 PagesAssess the view that in today’s society the family is losing its functions. For many years, the family has had a set of functions that every family has had to follow in order to fit in with society. Some of these functions include social control and the gender-role socialisation. Some Sociologists that have explored these functions are Murdock and Parsons. Murdock looks at reproductive, sexual and economic functions. Whereas, Parsons looks at the primary socialisation of children and the warm bathRead MoreThe Black Power Movement During The 1950 S1068 Words   |  5 Pagesfelt that nonviolence was not the answer to achieving civil rights. The Black Power Movement unsuccessfully tried to change the economic and social inequalities of blacks, because today many blacks are still treated socially and economically inferior to whites. 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Essay on Dissociative Identity Disorder - 800 Words

Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is a severe condition in which two or more distinct identities or personality states are present in, and alternately take control of an individual. People who suffer from DID often have no recollection of what they have done or said while under the influence of the alternate personalities. Friends, family, and the person with the disorder often have a hard time dealing with DID, because of the sporadic nature of the personalities. DID is a serious disorder that affects a person’s long-term and short-term memory, their own identity, and their self-control. There are many different symptoms of DID, such as multiple personalities, frequent gaps in memory, and even some†¦show more content†¦The goal of the therapy is to deconstruct the alternate personalities and uniting them into one. The therapist tries to make contact with as many of the personalities as possible in order to gather an understanding of their roles and functions in t he person’s life. They try to make contact with the personalities that may be violent or self-destructive tendencies a priority. Another goal of the therapist is to set up communication between the personalities in order to retrieve traumatic memories from the past. Other treatments include cognitive and creative therapies. Treatment is generally as an outpatient, but inpatient treatment may be used to achieve specific goals. An individual diagnosed with DID usually goes through three to five years of treatment, though a complex case may require six or more years of therapy to be stabilized and unite their personalities (Stephens, L. 2007). There is still controversy over the legitimacy of patients diagnosed with DID. 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The disorders most often form in kids victim to long-term physicalRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder970 Words   |  4 Pages Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), formerly known as Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is a severe condition in which two or more dissimilar identities, or character states, are present and alternately take control of an individual. The person experiences memory loss that is vaguely extensive to be explained as common forgetfulness. These symptoms are not taken in consideration for by seizures, substance abuse or any other medical conditions. Description of DID: Symptoms: Read MoreDissociative Identity Disorder2780 Words   |  12 PagesDissociative Identity Disorder Imagine waking up in a new house, town, city, even state and not knowing how you got there. Now add onto that thought of forgetting almost a year of your life because someone else, or something, has taken over your body. That is just a look into dissociative disorders in general. 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Archaeologists suspect this was caused because of the treatments they had years ago such as â€Å"trepanning†. Trepanning is done nowadays as well to remove extra fluids from the brain, as for years ago doctors didRead MoreDissociative Identity Disorder ( Dissociative Personality )1254 Words   |  6 PagesDissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder) is thought to be a complex mental condition that is likely brought on by numerous variables, including serious injury amid early adolescence generally compelling, repetitive physical, sexual, or psychological mistreatment. The greater part of us have encountered mild dissociation, which resemble wandering off in fantasy land or losing all sense of direction at the time while taking a shot at an undertaking. In any